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Pieri Linda Rondini Davide Ventura Francesca 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,129(3-4):1075-1087
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Climate change has become an important issue for scientific community, for its numerous impacts, especially on agriculture and environment. To shed light on... 相似文献
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Voyager 1 imaging data have been used to investigate the color and morphology of several radial flow-like features at Ra Patera, a broad volcanic structure at approximately 8° latitude and 325° longitude on the Galilean satellite Io (J1). It was found that downstream progressions of flow color and morphology are consistent with lava of a predominately sulfur composition cooling radiatively and erupting in the range of 470 to 520°K at effusion rates at 1010 to 1011 cm3/sec. This implies global resurfacing rates by volcanic flows on Io of the order of 1 cm/year. Calculated energy content and effusion rates for flows at Ra Patera, using the physical parameters of sulfur, are of the order of the largest known terrestial basaltic eruptions and are consistent with calculations of globally available energy. 相似文献
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The present note is intended as a contribution to the clarification of the collision process, generally assumed to be active between the African and the Eurasian plates in the area of the Messina Straits.For this purpose detailed analyses are made of the surveys carried out in the Straits of Messina in order to investigate the 1908 earthquake. The magnitude and intensity are established; limits are set for the linear dimension of the fault and of the dislocation that gave rise to the earthquake and an estimate is then given of these parameters. The results are then set out of the investigation into the focal mechanism of the earthquake of 1908. The results are also studied of geodetic surveys carried out at the time for the purpose of measuring the variations in height that occurred during the earthquake.A study is also made of the results of geodetic surveys (some of which are still under way) designed to measure the horizontal movements of Sicily with respect to Calabria in order to study locally the continental collision process in the area of the Messina Straits.It is found that the old and recent geodetic measurements as well as the fault-plane solution of the old and recent earthquakes of that area and the slips associated with those earthquakes indicate a motion towards the north of Sicily with respect to Calabria. 相似文献
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Vincent J Realmuto Ken Hon Anne B Kahle Elsa A Abbott David C Pieri 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1992,55(1-2):33-44
Multispectral thermal infrared radiance measurements of the Kupaianaha flow field were acquired with the NASA airborne Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) on the morning of 1 October 1988. The TIMS data were used to map both the temperature and emissivity of the surface of the flow field. The temperature map depicted the underground storage and transport of lava. The presence of molten lava in a tube or tumulus resulted in surface temperatures that were at least 10° C above ambient. The temperature map also clearly defined the boundaries of hydrothermal plumes which resulted from the entry of lava into the ocean. The emissivity map revealed the boundaries between individual flow units within the Kupaianaha field. In general, the emissivity of the flows varied systematically with age but the relationship between age and emissivity was not unique. Distinct spectral anomalies, indicative of silica-rich surface materials, were mapped near fumaroles and ocean entry sites. This apparent enrichment in silica may have resulted from an acid-induced leaching of cations from the surfaces of glassy flows. Such incipient alteration may have been the cause for virtually all of the emissivity variations observed on the flow field, the spectral anomalies representing areas where the acid attack was most intense. 相似文献
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Carlo Giocoli Lidia Pieri Giuseppe Tormen 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,387(2):689-697
In the standard model of cosmic structure formation, dark matter haloes form by gravitational instability. The process is hierarchical: smaller systems collapse earlier, and later merge to form larger haloes. The galaxy clusters, hosted by the largest dark matter haloes, are at the top of this hierarchy and representing the largest as well as the last structures formed in the Universe, while the smaller and first haloes are those Earth-sized dark subhaloes that have been both predicted by theoretical considerations and found in numerical simulations, though there do not exist any observational hints of their existence. The probability that a halo of mass m at redshift z will be part of a larger halo of mass M at the present time can be described in the frame of the extended Press & Schecter theory making use of the progenitor (conditional) mass function. Using the progenitor mass function, we calculate analytically, at redshift zero, the distribution of subhaloes in mass, formation epoch and rarity of the peak of the density field at the formation epoch. That is done for a Milky Way size system, assuming both a spherical and an ellipsoidal collapse model. Our calculation assumes that small progenitors do not lose mass due to dynamical processes after entering the parent halo, and that they do not interact with other subhaloes. For a Λ cold dark matter power spectrum, we obtain a subhalo mass function d n /d m proportional to m −α with a model-independent α∼ 2 . Assuming that the dark matter is a weakly interacting massive particle, the inferred distributions are used to test the feasibility of an indirect detection in the γ-ray energy band of such a population of subhaloes with a Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope like satellite. 相似文献
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A merger tree with microsolar mass resolution: application to γ-ray emission from subhalo population
Carlo Giocoli Lidia Pieri Giuseppe Tormen Jorge Moreno 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,395(3):1620-1630
Observations of the southern Cepheid ℓ Car to yield the mean angular diameter and angular pulsation amplitude have been made with the Sydney University Stellar Interferometer at a wavelength of 696 nm. The resulting mean limb-darkened angular diameter is 2.990 ± 0.017 mas (i.e. ± 0.6 per cent) with a maximum-to-minimum amplitude of 0.560 ± 0.018 mas corresponding to 18.7 ± 0.6 per cent in the mean stellar diameter. Careful attention has been paid to uncertainties, including those in measurements, in the adopted calibrator angular diameters, in the projected values of visibility squared at zero baseline, and to systematic effects. No evidence was found for a circumstellar envelope at 696 nm. The interferometric results have been combined with radial displacements of the stellar atmosphere derived from selected radial velocity data taken from the literature to determine the distance and mean diameter of ℓ Car. The distance is determined to be 525 ± 26 pc and the mean radius 169 ± 8 R⊙ . Comparison with published values for the distance and mean radius shows excellent agreement, particularly when a common scaling factor from observed radial velocity to pulsation velocity of the stellar atmosphere (the p -factor) is used. 相似文献
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Volcanic geomorphologists have investigated various relationships between eruption rate and morphologic parameters of lava flows, particularly with regard to preferred statistical correlations and the conditions under which they are valid. Here we employ two simple models for lava flow heat loss by Stefan-Boltzmann radiation to derive eruption rate versus planimetric area relationships. Both of these models predict a linear relationship between eruption rate and planimetric area, modulated by distinct prefactors potentially sensitive to compositional and temperature differences among different flows. Regardless of any theoretical considerations, we show that eruption rate is highly correlated with planimetric area for the Hawaiian basaltic flows analyzed in this work. Moreover, this observed correlation is superior to those from other obvious combinations of eruption rate and flow dimensions. On the basis of the theoretical models for lava flow heat loss, the correlations obtained here suggest that the surfaces of Hawaiian flows radiate at an effective temperature much less than the inner parts of the flowing lava in agreement with numerous field observations. This work also indicates that eruption rate versus planimetric area correlations can be markedly degraded when data from different vents, volcanoes and epochs are combined. These previously unrecognized sensitivities identified by the thermal loss modeling may have contributed to past unresolved debates on relationships between eruption rates and morphologic dimensions. 相似文献
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Résumé Dans le présent rapport, on considère une méthode de trilatération spatiale, avec mesures laser sur satellite, déjà exposée
dans un précédent rapport, pour rechercher la conformation ou les conformations de l’ensemble des points à terre—points satellites
qui rendent minimales les erreurs sur les coordonnées des points à terre.
En partant de quelques distributions des points qui rendent le problème indéterminé, de nombreux essais de simulation ont
été exécutés au calculateur électronique, pour évaluer sur base statistique l’importance des différents paramètres qui interviennent
et leur éventuelle corrélation dans la détermination des points à terre.
Les résultats obtenus, bien que non complets, permettent quelques considérations intéressantes.
En premier lieu, l’influence de la coplanarité des quatre points à terre dans la précision de leur détermination.
Par la suite ont été exécutés de nombreux essais en variant seulement la configuration des points satellite choisis parmi
un nombre élevé de cas possibles.
De cette recherche, il semble que le paramètre qui para?t le plus influencer la qualité du résultat est la distance zénithale
d’observation, tandis que la distribution autour du barycentre des quatre points à terre semble avoir peu d’influence.
Présenté à la XV Assemblée U.G.G.I. Moscou 30/7–14/8/1961. 相似文献
Summary We consider the method of space trilateration with only satellite Laser measurements, in order to investigate the effect of the distribution of the set of points on the earth and of satellite points, on the errors of the computed coordinates of the terrestrial points. By starting from some distributions various simulation tests with the computer have been executed with the aim of evaluating on a statistical and experimental basis the importance of the different parameters that intervene and their eventual correlations. The results obtained, also if not at all complete, allow certain interesting considerations. First of all we have obtained the influence of the parameter z4 in the precision of the terrestrial points determination. Also the investigation has shown that parameter which seems to affect the most the quality of the results is the zenital observation distance, whereas it seems as if the distribution around the barycentre of the four terrestrial points doesn’t affect considerably the results.
Présenté à la XV Assemblée U.G.G.I. Moscou 30/7–14/8/1961. 相似文献